![\"\"](\"https:\/\/purepolymers.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/323321_5f1ce6406fae46feb819b6f895c4cbd6_mv2.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647. <\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0636\u0645\u0647. <\/span><\/p>\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (Oxo-Biodegradable) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (Oxo-degradables) \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a. <\/span><\/p>\n \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n (\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627)\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (OBD)\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00a0\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 3\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 4\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (CO\u2082)\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (H\u2082O)\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (OBD) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0632<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0632<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648<\/strong> (OBD) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 ((OBD \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 ((OBD \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u2022 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0648 (OBD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-66"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n